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SulphuricMirrorJuly 19, 2022(Edited July 19, 2022)

Philosophers in bold:

Well, there are some female philosophers of antiquity, but little to none of their work is actually preserved (at least in Europe). So I'll skip to later on: Heloise d’Argenteuil was a medieval female philosopher who had some pretty revolutionary ideas, for her time (and even for the present, in some cases). Hildegard von Bingen, though more known as a musician, actually wrote a lot, about spirituality and nature. From the perspective of the early medieval period, that's basically what philosophy was. Christine de Pizan's Book of the City of Ladies, though not traditionally considered a philosophical work, is essentially a treatise on the value of women throughout human history. A worthwhile read. Tulia d'Aragona was a product of the renaissance, being a Neo-platonist, looking her up: "her main philosophical text is Dialogues on the Infinity of Love, a Neo-Platonist work that discusses the necessity of female sexual and emotional freedom in romantic love." Olympe de Gouges was a French revolutionary and political activist, as well as a playwright. She wrote Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen (1791). Laura Bassi was a natural philosopher and second woman to ever receive a doctorate from a European university (she was on the cutting edge of science at the time, dealing with Newtonian physics and Franklinian electricity before the Italian universities even taught them). George Eliot, whose real name was Mary Ann Evans, she was heavy into moralist work and was in fact influenced by Spinoza (so she may be of particular interest to you!). Hannah Arendt, a political theorist who I believe may have coined the phrase "banality of evil" as she witnessed the rise of a few totalitarian powers (but maybe the phrase already existed, I'm not sure). The Infamous Ayn Rand, whether liked or not, she is a female philosopher. I saw Simone Weil was mentioned, so I'll thrown in Iris Murdoch who was influenced by Weil, her focus is mainly on morality.

There's tonnes more. I would consider most of the radfems of the 60s/70s/80s to be philosophers to an extent, too. And of course my list is very western/European/North American. But I mean, Adichie would be a good addition. But I mainly focusing on old-school ones.

voltairineJuly 19, 2022(Edited July 19, 2022)

more on the line of communism/anarchism feminist political philosophy, Emma Goldman and Voltairine de Cleyre.

amazing list btw

otterstromJuly 19, 2022

And this why I love it here

AlexiaresJuly 23, 2022

There is a book called The Philosopher Queens edited by Buxton and Whiting, originally crowdfunded into existence now selling steadily at the bookstores in my neighbourhood who are not Indigo, and which it seems to me I heard about here!

I realize that you may not be able to access the book right away though, so here is the list of female philosophers from the TOC, some of whom have already been mentioned: Diotima, Ban Zhao, Hypatia, Lalla, Mary Astell, Mary Wollstonecraft, Harriet Taylor Mill, George Eliot (Mary Anne Evans), Edith Stein, Hannah Arendt, Simone de Beauvoir, Iris Murdoch, Mary Midgley, Elizabeth Anscombe, Mary Warnock, Sophie Bosede, Angela Davis, Iris Marion Young, Anita L. Allen, Azizah Y. Al-Hibri

I can also add Martha Nussbaum and Jan Zwicky.

chrysthefeministJuly 19, 2022

Mary Daly.

nopointdenyingitnowJuly 19, 2022

I love Simone Weil! She's this dead old Jewish German, and when the Nazis rose to power she joined the French army to fight against Germany. She had poor eyesight and chronic migraines. She was born into wealth but forsook her inheritance, instead making a meager living off teaching philosophy and she even worked in a factory for 2 years to feel the suffering of the people, but she made less money than men would and still donated to the needy. Weil wanted to convert to Christianity but never found a priest to baptize her because she was very vocal about rejecting 99% of the bible. Her views are super self-sacrificing like a flagellant's or a stylite's, yet her writing is beautiful and inspiring! Here's Gravity and Grace by Weil.

IntuitiveJuly 19, 2022(Edited July 19, 2022)

Simone Weil is definitely one of the most surprising and inspiring people I have ever had the pleasure of discovering. Some of my personal favourite passages about her, cherrypicking from the book, The Subversive Simone Weil:

Yet, the applicant (Simone Weil) was hell-bent on finding factory work, with or without Detoeuf’s help. Given the applicant’s bad eyesight, crippling migraines, and poor manual dexterity, he decided it was better if he helped. On the frigid morning of December 4, 1934, Simone Weil thus began work at the Alsthom factory on the Rue Lecourbe, the clanking of her stamping press adding to the din of this industrial neighborhood in southwestern Paris. That night, on the first page of her “factory journal,” Weil inscribed two epigraphs. The first is hers: “Not only should man know what he is making, but, if possible, he should see how it is used—see how nature is changed by him. Every man’s work should be an object of contemplation for him.”...

The act of thinking, Weil discovered, was the first casualty of factory work. A few days into her job, she was already reeling from fatigue. At times, the unremitting pace reduced Weil to tears. In one unexceptional entry, she wrote: “Very violent headache, finished the work while weeping almost uninterruptedly. (When I got home, interminable fit of sobbing.)” Weil’s distress resulted not just from the physical demands of her job, but also from the rigid production quotas it entailed. She could think only about the number of washers she had to punch by day’s end....

Another time, when working at a furnace where “the flames come up to lick your hands and arms,” Weil repeatedly burned herself.... Ridden by stern foremen and driven by production goals, workers were shorn of their human dignity. Within a matter of days, Weil realized with horror that the factory “makes me forget my real reasons for spending time in the factory.”

Even after getting fired from the factory, she still went onwards to get hands-on experience, never shying away from opposing viewpoints and companionships:

It was Perrin, when pressed by Weil to find her a place as a farm worker, who had contacted his friend Thibon (a Catholic follower of an extreme right-wing movement) to see if he would take her on. Despite a difficult beginning — Weil refused to sleep in the same house as the Thibons, instead sleeping on straw in a ruined cabin on the property—and though at loggerheads over secular and religious issues, Thibon and Weil developed a deep respect for one another during the few months she spent at the farm. In Thibon’s case, the respect verged on awe, while Weil trusted him enough to leave him a dozen of her notebooks....

At a meeting arranged by the student, Weil asked if she could move into their home. The husband and wife, surprised by the request, refused, but did agree to allow Weil to work on the farm. They soon came to regret their decision. Weil plunged head- first into the daily tasks at the farm, shovelling manure, digging for beets, and piling hay. Between her chores, she grilled the Bellevilles, asking them for details about the household economy or probing their thoughts about rural life. The couple realized that this strange young woman was unlike any other intellectual; as Mme. Belleville later observed, Weil “wanted to knock down the barriers and put herself at our level.” The problem, though, was that the Bellevilles did not find that their level was as abysmally low as Weil found it. They were rightly annoyed by Weil’s insistence on how unhappy and unrewarding their life was. When their guest told them that she wanted to “live the life of the poor, share their burdens, and know their troubles,” the couple felt that Weil not only failed to recognize who they were, but also patronized them. Ultimately, the Bellevilles asked the friend who had introduced them to Weil to ask her to stop her visits. “My husband and I,” Mme. Belleville confessed, “believed that so much learning had made the poor girl lose her wits."

People say about David Hume that he was a philosopher of the people, about Kant that he lived his philosophical rigour and about Diogenes that he lived his own philosophy. Simone Weil outclasses them in all these departments.

SpiritsGrimoireJuly 19, 2022

"Weil plunged head- first into the daily tasks at the farm, shovelling manure, digging for beets, and piling hay. Between her chores, she grilled the Bellevilles, asking them for details about the household economy or probing their thoughts about rural life."

I get the feeling she was very loud and sharp as a tack. Men love Diogenes for being outspoken and living in filth, and this woman did the same but I've never heard of her!

"Believed so much learning had made the poor girl lose her wits." Didn't Diogenes publicly defecate everywhere? She's a proper lady in comparison and still has the go-getter attitude. What a treat!

dragachJuly 19, 2022

Not to be confused with Simone Veil, of the abortion rights!

AritiJuly 19, 2022

Though most of their work is lost, here’s a summary about female philosophers of Ancient Greece https://www.definitelygreece.com/greek-female-philosophers/

hypatiaJuly 19, 2022

Thank you! I love the Greeks.

AritiJuly 19, 2022

As your name suggests - and me too.

catspyjamas1July 19, 2022

Emma Goldman and Hannah Arendt. While I'm not sure if they are officially considered "philosophers" and not more "uppity rabble rousers", I'm going to throw in Rosa Luxemburg.

areteJuly 19, 2022

Springer has two book series dedicated to women philosophers:

History of Women Philosophers

Women in the History of Philosophy and Sciences (their website contains a wealth of information)

And Prof. Jacqueline Broad has written and edited a number of books on early modern women's philosophy.

[Deleted]July 19, 2022

This is going to be very controversial but Ayn Rand.

mybloodapprovesJuly 19, 2022

Props for saying this. Whether one agrees with her on anything or not, I’ve always thought most of the ire toward her is thinly veiled misogyny. People will go out of their way to misunderstand her.

One of my favorite quotes of hers: “Tell me what a man finds sexually attractive and I will tell you his entire philosophy of life. Show me the woman he sleeps with and I will tell you his valuation of himself.”

[Deleted]July 19, 2022

It's true 🤷

hypatiaJuly 19, 2022

I'm listening!

[Deleted]July 19, 2022

Lol idk just reading Atlas Shrugged really opened my eyes to a lot of entitlement and the whiny characters are not far off from the way people behave at ALL. I'm not surprised people get very defensive at this book because I feel like a lot of people see themselves and don't like what they see. (The book is fiction but you clearly see her Objectivism reflected throughout).

Also, speaking of objectivism, I've read a lot of passages (not a whole philosophy book because I don't enjoy it) of what she wrote and I see why ambitious people enjoy her, I feel like a lot of people purposefully misinterpret her.

hypatiaJuly 19, 2022

I like that Ayn Rand isn't what people want a female philosopher to be.

swingingreportshowJuly 19, 2022

I just finished reading this really great book called Would you Kill the Fat Man? that serves as an intro to trolley morality problems, something that the philosopher Philippa Foot came up with. I highly recommend the book, as it centers a lot of famous female philosophers, such as her, Elizabeth Anscombe, Iris Murdoch, and Judith Jarvis Thomson.

MandyJuly 19, 2022

I second this list. More people need to know that a woman philosopher devised the trolley problem. Anscombe is a fascinating person all round.

WatcherattheGatesJuly 19, 2022

Sylviane Agacinski

areteJuly 19, 2022

Mary Astell (1666-1731). Highly recommend her Serious Proposal to the Ladies and Some Reflections upon Marriage.

Project Vox is a great resource for women philosophers in early modern Europe.

notapatsyJuly 19, 2022

Contemporary philosophers Susan Bordo ("Unbearable Weight") and Kate Soper ("What is Nature?") come to mind.

chrysthefeministJuly 19, 2022

Susan Bordo is very pro-trans.

notapatsyJuly 20, 2022(Edited July 20, 2022)

I'm so sorry to hear that. I wondered whether she'd gotten on the trans train. Sigh. Another one into the dustbin.